Do all cultures see the same colors?

The answer

Languages divide the color spectrum differently, and research shows this affects actual perception. Russian has separate basic terms for light blue (goluboy) and dark blue (siniy), and studies published in PNAS found that Russian speakers can distinguish between these shades faster than English speakers, whose single term 'blue' covers both. The Pirahã people of the Amazon have no fixed color terms at all, describing colors relationally. Ancient Greek had no word for blue, leading scholar William Gladstone to note Homer described the sea as 'wine-dark.' The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, which proposes that language shapes thought, finds some of its strongest evidence in color perception research.