Why do animals play?

The answer

Animal play is widespread across mammals, birds, and even some fish and invertebrates, serving several important developmental and social functions. Play fighting in young wolves and big cats builds muscle, hones coordination, and teaches vital combat and hunting skills without the risk of injury. Social play, like the rough-and-tumble wrestling in juvenile rats, develops social bonds and teaches emotional regulation and turn-taking. Object play, such as otters juggling rocks, may maintain cognitive flexibility and motor skills. Ravens have been observed sledding down snowy slopes repeatedly, and dolphins surf waves and blow bubble rings, suggesting play may also serve as a source of enjoyment. Studies show that animals deprived of play opportunities develop poorer social skills and stress responses as adults.