How do desert animals survive extreme heat and scarce water?

The answer

Desert animals have evolved extraordinary adaptations to survive extreme heat and water scarcity. The kangaroo rat obtains all its water metabolically from dry seeds, produces extremely concentrated urine, and has no sweat glands. The fennec fox dissipates heat through its oversized ears, which are packed with blood vessels close to the skin surface. The Namib desert beetle harvests fog by tilting its bumpy shell so that water droplets condense and roll into its mouth. The thorny devil lizard channels dew and rain across its entire body through capillary channels between its scales, funneling water directly to the corners of its mouth.