What happens to the body during an adrenaline surge?

The answer

An adrenaline (epinephrine) surge transforms the body within seconds for maximum physical performance. The heart rate can triple to 180-220 beats per minute, cardiac output increases by up to 700%, and blood pressure rises sharply. Bronchioles dilate to increase oxygen intake, the liver releases stored glycogen as glucose for immediate fuel, and blood flow is redirected from non-essential organs to skeletal muscles. Pain perception is suppressed, reaction time decreases, and pupils dilate for improved vision. This explains documented cases of 'hysterical strength,' such as people lifting cars off trapped individuals. However, chronic or repeated adrenaline surges damage the cardiovascular system, suppress immune function, impair memory formation in the hippocampus, and can lead to anxiety disorders. The 'crash' after an adrenaline surge involves parasympathetic rebound causing fatigue, weakness, and sometimes nausea.