What made the Ottoman Empire one of the longest-lasting in history?

It spanned three continents and lasted over 600 years.

The answer

The Ottoman Empire (1299–1922) endured for over six centuries by combining military innovation - including elite Janissary troops and early adoption of gunpowder weapons - with relatively tolerant governance of diverse populations through the millet system, which allowed religious communities significant self-rule. At its peak under Suleiman the Magnificent (1520–1566), it controlled southeastern Europe, western Asia, and North Africa. Its dissolution after World War I redrew the map of the modern Middle East.

Source: Britannica

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