What did Ötzi the Iceman eat for his last meal before his violent death?

The answer

Ötzi the Iceman, discovered in 1991 in the Ötztal Alps on the Austrian-Italian border, dates to approximately 3300 BCE. A 2018 study published in Current Biology analyzed his remarkably preserved stomach contents, revealing his final meal consisted of wild ibex meat, red deer, einkorn wheat, and traces of bracken fern - with an extraordinarily high fat content of nearly 50%, ideal for sustained energy at high altitude. Ötzi bore 61 tattoos located at acupuncture-like points over arthritic joints, suggesting therapeutic purpose. He was murdered: a flint arrowhead lodged in his left shoulder severed a major artery, and he had defensive wounds on his hands and a blow to the head. His copper axe indicates high social status.