Why was BERT considered a breakthrough in understanding language?

Before BERT, AI read sentences like a book - only left to right. BERT read them all at once.

The answer

Released by Google AI in October 2018, BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) was the first model to pre-train deep bidirectional representations by jointly conditioning on both left and right context in all layers. Trained on 3.3 billion words from English Wikipedia and BooksCorpus, BERT achieved state-of-the-art results on 11 NLP benchmarks simultaneously. Its masked language modeling approach - randomly hiding 15% of input tokens and predicting them - gave the model a far richer understanding of language than previous left-to-right methods.

Source: arXiv

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